REVIEW: Anthology - She Is Everywhere Vol. 3

She Is Everywhere! An anthology of Writings in Womanist/Feminist Spirituality. Volume 3. Gathered by Mary Saracino and Mary Beth Moser, (iUniverse 2012) 460 pages. Available in softcover, hardcover, and as an e-book.

She is Everywhere, Volume 3, combines essays of significant scholarship with poetry, fiction and art of deep inspiration. This volume focuses on the international community of people who honor the divine or sacred as female. Its contents contain articles not only from many different nationalities, but also from a variety of cultures and religions.

In alphabetical order by last name of contributor, this volume includes: Laura Amazzone, "The Fijian Kava Ceremony: An Ancient Menstrual Ritual?"; Michele Arista, "A Midrash of Rosary Prayers"; Gael Belden, "Soror Mystica: New Myth for a Changing Earth"; Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum, "Story, gifts, standpoint, and methodologies of feminist cultural history"; Nancy Caronia, "Underworld"; Giana Cicchelli, "Journey to the Center," "In the Name of Jesus," and "Resounding Response"; Joanna Clapps-Herman, "Psychic Arrangements," "Potions, Lotions and Solutions"; Lori Coon, "The Dark Goddess"; Randy P. Conner, "Of Diana, Witches, and Fairies"; Nancy Cosgriff, "Hecate," and "Browned Beauty"; Elizabeth Cunningham, "Hymn to Ma of Ephesus" and "Ave Matres"; Max Dashu, "The Meanings of ‘Goddess’," Leslene della-Madre, "The Luminous Dark Mother"; Chickie Farella, "I Love You Mom: Do Me a Favor…Don’t Tell Nobody"; Catlyn Fendler, "The Black Madonna and the Labyrinth"; Jean Feraca, "Crossing the Great Divide," "Mater Dolorosa" and "Nursing My Child Through His First Illness"; Annie Finch, "Goddess," "Moon From the Porch" and "Eve"; Mischa Geracoulis, "Secret Hair"; Tricia Grame, "Beyond The Symbol, VIII" and "Isis"; Mama Donna Henes, "Terra Mater" and "Holy Yoni"; Sheila Marie Hennessy. "Lilith" and "Contemplate Creation"; Theresa Gale Henson, "Finding Ixchel," and "Enough"; Helen Hye-Sook Hwang, "Making the Gyonocentric [sic] Case: Mago, the Great Goddess of East Asia, and Her Tradition Magoism"; Nané Ariadne Jordan, "A Poetics of the Placenta: Placental cosmology as gift and sacred. economy"; Anne Key, "The Stuff of Life: Clay Figurines and Priestesses in Mesoamerica"; Lê Pham Lê, "The Fairy and the Dragon," "Hát River and "Journey to Langbian Mountain"; Glenys Livingstone, "Spelling and Re-Creating Her"; Yvonne M. Lucia: "Black Madonna Cradles the Earth"; Lindy Lyman: "Mother and Daughter/The Forest"; Anne Key, "The Stuff of Life: Clay Figurines and Priestesses in Mesoamerica"; MamaCoAtl, "It is My Heart Who Reminds Me"; Nicole Margiasso-Tran, "Healing Wells and Sacred Fire"; Kathy Martone "Rebirth" and "Gathering Forces"; Judy Maselli, "Connected"; Harita Meenee, "Orphic Mysteries and Goddess(es) of Nature: Greek Hymns Honoring the Divine Feminine."; Etoyla McKee, "Garden Okra"; Mary Beth Moser, "The Motherline: Laundry, Lunedi, and Women’s Lineage"; Andrea Nicki "Vagina Dentata"; Malgorzata Oleszkiewicz-Peralba, "Saint Sara-La-Kali: The Romani Black Madonna"; Luciana Percovich, "Momolina Marconi: An Italian Passionate Scholar of the Goddess"; Shelley R. Reed, "The Red Mother of the Salish Mountains"; Sandy Miranda Robinett, "Sardegnan Nuraghe"; Lydia Ruyle: Three Goddess Icon Spirit Banners: Crow Mother, Isis, Palden Lhamo"; Bridget Saracino, "U Hades nfamiliar," "Anubis" and "Strawberry Lullaby"; Mary Saracino, "The Tarantata," "Holy Mary" and "Sicily"; Lisa Sarasohn, "Lisa & Zeb-un-Nissa" Kristin Shilling, "Puberty," "The China Line" and "Tendrils"; Elisabeth Sikie, "Descent," "Tantra With Beloved"and "Song to Demeter"; David Hatfield Sparks, "The Birth of Xochiquetzal at 948 Noe St."; Solace Wales, "Messages From the Black Madonna"; Claudia von Werlhof, "The Interconnectedness of All Being: A New Spirituality for a New Civilization."

The anthology contains fiction by Mary Saracino and poetry by Lori Coon, Elizabeth Cunningham, Annie Finch, Jean Feraca., Lê Pham Lê, MamaCoAtl; Judy Millard-Maselli, Andrea Nicki. and Elizabeth Sikie. Art includes front cover "Black Madonna Cradles the Earth," by Yvonne M. Lucia and back cover, "Contemplate Creation" by Sheila Marie Hennessy; interior art by Mary Beth Moser, Nicole Marigiasso-Tran; original artwork by Tricia Grame, Lori Coon, Lydia Ruyle, Malgorzata Oleszkiewicz-Peralba, Kathy Martone, Theresa Gale Henson, Shelley R. Reed, Sandy Miranda Robinett, Chris Gordoni, Nané Adriadne Jordan, Lindy Lyman, Sheila Marie Hennessy, and Harita Meenee. A "List of Illustrations" at the beginning of the Table of Contents gives more information on the original media of the artwork.

An unusual statement on the copyright page explains the use of "gathered," rather than "edited"

The gatherers/editors of this anthology do not wish to define an author or define an author’s work by trying to make the text of this anthology consistent in style, grammar, punctuation, etc.

One of the challenges in reviewing anthologies is that usually the contributions are diverse in subject matter, approach, and style, while the number of contributions makes it impractical to review each one. This anthology is no exception. Yet I will try to give you an idea of the variety, breadth, and depth of its contents.

The opening essay, " Healing Wells and Sacred Fire: A Pilgrimage to Brigit’s Land," by Nicole Margiasso-Tran, is a personal story of the author’s journey to Kildare, Ireland, to celebrate the Pagan holiday Brigit/Imbolc and the Catholic Saints Day for St. Brigid with a community of nuns named "Solas Bhride,"which translated from the Celtic into English means "Brigit’s Light (or Flame)." The author also describes visiting Goddess Brigit’s holy places.
This is followed by Max Dashu’s global, scholarly, and for me, inspirational, essay, " The Meanings of ‘Goddess’." Dashu looks at a large number of female deities from a wide variety of cultures and historical periods, including the present. Pointing out the difficulties that some academics (including some feminist academics), and others have with the word and concepts associated with "Goddess," Dashu asserts a wonderfully strong socio-political stance, stating:

The Goddess movement recognizes the political uses of male-supremacist religion, and undermines its dominionist foundations. We challenge theologies that make females stand for the "inferior" material realm, reduce us to sex, decree our submission to male privilege. We repudiate hierarchy of all kinds, including the demonization of matter, of bodies, of darkness in patriarchal religion. We recognize how the twisted ideas of diabolism not only degraded women in the witch hunts, and inculcated hateful ideas about human sexuality, but at the same time demonized dark peoples and indigenous religions.

In addition to "Goddess," Dashu discusses the use of the word. "Mother," writing that in many cultures,"Mother" is synonymous with "Goddess"; that in such cultures "Mother is a truly expansive concept, and a divine one." She also also discusses the roles of ritual and metaphor.

Leslene della-Madre‘s essay,"The Luminous Dark Mother," was sparked by her interest in "the true origins and beginnings of the spiritual life of humankind." Della-Madre equates "Dark Mother" with "Great Mother," and describes her own journeys to find out more about "the African Dark Mother and her relationship to the dark matter of the Universe" (which she also calls the "yoni-verse"). She goes on to relate the Dark Mother to several other scientific theories and discoveries, including for instance, multiple universes, as well as to social and political issues.

Anthology series founder Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum’s contribution to this volume. "Story, gifts, standpoint, and methodologies of feminist cultural history," begins with her explanation about why she doesn’t like capitalization: primarily because it denotes hierarchy. From her usage in this essay, I conclude that this applies to adjectives denoting proper nouns (e.g. chinese food), but not to nouns (e.g. China). This is consistent with capitalization in Romance languages (e.g. French, Spanish, Italian). I’ve also observed that there are languages, such as those in what is today commonly called the Middle East, which don’t capitalize anything. It is unclear to me whether non-capitalization correlates with egalitarianism. OTOH, I like experimentation in language, so why not give it try? Birnbaum moves on to an "Author’s Note" about her

transitioning from teaching in the Women’s Spirituality program at the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) to another phase of my life....

She also explains that this essay is the "first" chapter of her forthcoming book. Birnbaum, whose ancestry is European Mediterranean, or more specifically, Sicilian, sees feminist cultural history as beginning "in 100,000 BCE in Africa." Her current research focuses on relating this to areas now called Italy, France, and Spain. She then takes up, as an example of steps backward, the important issue of lack of publishers’ openness to work of spiritual feminist scholars, writing of her own experience with her earlier work that included:

the many rejections at the end of the 1990s of my manuscript dark mother, african origins and grandmothers by white male editors in the United States, including two cases of acceptance by women editors at university presses subsequently reversed by white male editors.

Birnbaum then goes into detail about her academic background, affiliations and awards. The essay concludes with a look at the significance of what she understands to be her African-Sicilian ancestry.

At the beginning of her essay, "Lisa & Zeb-un-Nissa," Lisa Sarasohn writes:

She may be everywhere, but if she wants to tag me with clear directive, she’ll snag me at the library or in a book store....The books she chooses for me tip off the shelf, into my hands.

After telling us how the book by a 17^th century Sufi poet came to her and giving details on its physical construction, Sarasohn shows us some of Zeb-un-Nissa’s poems and gives examples of how she, Sarasohn, recrafted them. She explains the ghazal form of poetry, which Zeb-un-Nissa ordered into a diwan, a series of groups of ghazals "ordered according to their rhyme." This clearly and beautifully written essay makes what might be new material for some easily understandable. It is likely to be a particular favorite of those who love books and poetry.

In her scholarly essay about East Asian religion, Helen Hye-Sook Hwang writes that she coined the term "Magoism" to refer to "the organic structure that relates" diverse sources and materials from the ancient "gynocentric cultural and historical context of East Asia, which venerates Mago as supreme divine." Magoism, she says, is both monotheistic and polytheistic. " Mago is the Great Goddess in her multiple manifestations." The essay continues with a detailed description of Magoism.

Lydia Ruyle, whose many Goddess icon banners fly or have flown at libraries and other institutions and at conferences and celebrations, contributes the art and explanations for three of them: Crow Mother, the Hopi Mother of all katsinas (spirits); Isis, Great Mother of Egypt whose worship extends to many other areas, shown in this banner with her son Horus; and Palden Lhamo, "fierce protectress of Tibet and the Dalai Lama." Ruyle writes:

The only thanka, prayer flag, which the Dalai Lama took with him when he fled the Chinese takeover of Tibet in 1959, was Palden Lhamo. Since then, she travels with him whever he goes.

Malgorzata Oleszkiewicz-Peralba’s essay about, "Saint Sara-La-Kali" begins with two quotes, regarding the relationship of blackness with light or radiance. Oleszkiewicz-Peralba then goes on to discuss the "black madonna" honored by many Romani (sometimes called Roma or the Rom, and sometimes called "gypsies." a term generally considered incorrect by the Rom). The author says that Sara-La-Kali is "possibly a blend of the Catholic Virgin Mary and the Indian goddess Kali/Durga/Sara, and describes the yearly celebration of Sara-La-Kali in the French town of Les Saintes Maries de la Mer. She relates the possibly historical but at this point unverifiable story of Mary Magdalene arriving with family and friends by boat to southern France, discusses the role of the Cathars, and the long intermingling of Egyptian and French deity worship, takes a look at various theories and legends about the identity of the human Sara and includes details of the Romani migration from India to Persia in 250-650 CE, and then through Europe, including 600 years of slavery in Romania. She notes that today, Sara-La-Kali’s "cult" persists not only in Europe but also in the Americas and Australia. The author describes the relationship of Sara-La-Kali to other goddesses who are nurturing, protectors of childbirth, and often located in grottos, caves, near or in the sea or other bodies of water. With several photos the author took while visiting sites in France.

This essay is followed by a group of meditations by Solace Wales, inspired by visits to Black Madonna sites.

Anne Key’s essay, "The Stuff of Life: Clay Figurines and Priestesses in Mesoamerica." examines the "gap" between the Mesoamerican artifacts and other materials she has seen at various sites in the field and Mesoamerican materials included in museum exhibits. She goes on to present what she has found to be the role of women spiritual leaders in Mesoamerica.

Laura Amazzone’s "The Fijian Kava Ceremony: An Ancient Menstrual Ritual?"explores the kava ceremony on Fiji, where the population is now predominantly Christian, but where there still remains remnants of a culture that included ancestor worship, spirit possession, and "ingestion of consciouness-altering substances," of which kava is one. Amazzone writes that although kava is known to induce menstruation, today only men participate in the kava ceremony. She presents information and theory about whether this was always the case.

Mary Beth Moser likes to hang her laundered clothes to dry on a clothesline outdoors. "The Motherline" includes her remembrances of clotheslines past, combined with the honoring of the Goddess Tanit. With photos of her Tanit clothesline and a sacred well she discusses in this essay.

Nané Ariadne Jordan, begins her essay, "A Poetics of the Placenta," with a "Prelude" about her paternal grandmother. She then tells about her experience as a lay midwife/doula including the medical, symbolic, and possible ritual significance of the placenta and its possible uses after the baby is born. She also proposes a cosmology and economy based on the birth process.

Donna Henes' essay, "Holy Yoni," is a remarkable tour de source of sex in Goddess religions. Beginning with the metaphor of Earth as our mother, continuing through a discussion of the role of women in early "Earth-identified societies," Henes goes on the discuss the significance of women's primary and secondary sex characteristics in symbolism, language, architecture, ritual, and other aspects of a variety Goddess-venerating cultures over the centuries.

Harita Meenee’s essay on "Orphic Mysteries and Goddesses" discusses the Orphic Hymns, a collection of 87 poems used in rituals of the Orphic Mystieries, in which goddesses were prominent. She speculates on the role of women in the Mysteries and then quotes the "Orphic Hymn to Nature."

The book's last essay, Glenys Livingstone’s "Spelling and Recreating Her," begins:

"Goddess," as I understand the term, is the Female Metaphor for the Great Creative Principle of the Universe. As such, She is both the Matrix and a wholistic template of Being: that is, She is whole and complete within Herself....there is no need to masculinize certain of Her qualities, though she includes qualities that have been termed "masculine."

Livingstone defines the three aspects of Goddess as Virgin/Maiden, Mother/Creator, and Crone/Old One. She writes that they may be but are not necessarily limited by age association, and responds to those who maintain that three aspects are insufficient. She also discusses the Triple Spiral and its symbolism, as well as the symbolic and scientific role of the Moon. Livingstone then moves on to other thealogical and cosmological concepts, integrating science and thealogy as she draws from authors Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme. She also explores the meaining of body/embodiment, especially of the female body, and its relevance to the indigenous spirituality of Australia, where she lives.

The essays are footnoted or endnoted and have bibliographies.

She is Everywhere Volume 3 is likely to be a valuable text for college courses in women’s studies, gender studies, religion, sociology, and probably some other subjects I haven’t thought of. I would also expect it to be useful in adult groups studying Goddess and other spiritual feminisms. It will also be useful to individuals studying on their own, especially those looking for material that cannot be easily found elsewhere. For more information on this book and other volumes in this anthology series, visit sheiseverywhere.net